RabbitMQ快速使用代码手册
本篇博客的内容为RabbitMQ在开发过程中的快速上手使用,侧重于代码部分,几乎没有相关概念的介绍,相关概念请参考以下csdn博客,两篇都是我找的精华帖,供大家学习。本篇博客也持续更新~~~
内容代码部分由于word转md格式有些问题,可以直接查看我的有道云笔记,链接:https://note.youdao.com/s/Ab7Cjiu
参考文档
csdn博客:
基础部分:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35387940/article/details/100514134
高级部分:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_49076273/article/details/124991012
application.yml
server:
port: 8021
spring:
#给项目来个名字
application:
name: rabbitmq-provider
#配置rabbitMq 服务器
rabbitmq:
host: 127.0.0.1
port: 5672
username: root
password: root
#虚拟host 可以不设置,使用server默认host
virtual-host: JCcccHost
#确认消息已发送到交换机(Exchange)
#publisher-confirms: true
publisher-confirm-type: correlated
#确认消息已发送到队列(Queue)
publisher-returns: true
完善更多信息
spring:
rabbitmq:
host: localhost
port: 5672
virtual-host: /
username: guest
password: guest
publisher-confirm-type: correlated
publisher-returns: true
template:
mandatory: true
retry:
#发布重试,默认false
enabled: true
#重试时间 默认1000ms
initial-interval: 1000
#重试最大次数 最大3
max-attempts: 3
#重试最大间隔时间
max-interval: 10000
#重试的时间隔乘数,比如配2,0
第一次等于10s,第二次等于20s,第三次等于40s
multiplier: 1
listener:
\# 默认配置是simple
type: simple
simple:
\# 手动ack Acknowledge mode of container. auto none
acknowledge-mode: manual
#消费者调用程序线程的最小数量
concurrency: 10
#消费者最大数量
max-concurrency: 10
#限制消费者每次只处理一条信息,处理完在继续下一条
prefetch: 1
#启动时是否默认启动容器
auto-startup: true
#被拒绝时重新进入队列
default-requeue-rejected: true
相关注解说明
@RabbitListener 注解是指定某方法作为消息消费的方法,例如监听某 Queue
里面的消息。
@RabbitListener标注在方法上,直接监听指定的队列,此时接收的参数需要与发送市类型一致。
\@Component
public class PointConsumer {
//监听的队列名
\@RabbitListener(queues = \"point.to.point\")
public void processOne(String name) {
System.out.println(\"point.to.point:\" + name);
}
}
@RabbitListener 可以标注在类上面,需配合 @RabbitHandler 注解一起使用
@RabbitListener 标注在类上面表示当有收到消息的时候,就交给
@RabbitHandler 的方法处理,根据接受的参数类型进入具体的方法中。
\@Component
\@RabbitListener(queues = \"consumer_queue\")
public class Receiver {
\@RabbitHandler
public void processMessage1(String message) {
System.out.println(message);
}
\@RabbitHandler
public void processMessage2(byte\[\] message) {
System.out.println(new String(message));
}
}
@Payload
可以获取消息中的 body 信息
\@RabbitListener(queues = \"debug\")
public void processMessage1(@Payload String body) {
System.out.println(\"body:\"+body);
}
@Header,@Headers
可以获得消息中的 headers 信息
\@RabbitListener(queues = \"debug\")
public void processMessage1(@Payload String body, \@Header String token)
{
System.out.println(\"body:\"+body);
System.out.println(\"token:\"+token);
}
\@RabbitListener(queues = \"debug\")
public void processMessage1(@Payload String body, \@Headers
Map\<String,Object\> headers) {
System.out.println(\"body:\"+body);
System.out.println(\"Headers:\"+headers);
}
快速使用
配置xml文件
<dependency\>
\<groupId\>org.springframework.boot\</groupId\>
\<artifactId\>spring-boot-starter-amqp\</artifactId\>
\</dependency\>
配置exchange、queue
注解快速创建版本
\@Configuration
public class RabbitmqConfig {
//创建交换机
//通过ExchangeBuilder能创建direct、topic、Fanout类型的交换机
\@Bean(\"bootExchange\")
public Exchange bootExchange() {
return
ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(\"zx_topic_exchange\").durable(true).build();
}
//创建队列
\@Bean(\"bootQueue\")
public Queue bootQueue() {
return QueueBuilder.durable(\"zx_queue\").build();
}
/\*\*
\* 将队列与交换机绑定
\*
\* \@param queue
\* \@param exchange
\* \@return
\*/
\@Bean
public Binding bindQueueExchange(@Qualifier(\"bootQueue\") Queue queue,
\@Qualifier(\"bootExchange\") Exchange exchange) {
return
BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with(\"boot.#\").noargs();
}
}
Direct
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/\*\*
\* \@Author : JCccc
\* \@CreateTime : 2019/9/3
\* \@Description :
\*\*/
\@Configuration
public class DirectRabbitConfig {
//队列 起名:TestDirectQueue
\@Bean
public Queue TestDirectQueue() {
//
durable:是否持久化,默认是false,持久化队列:会被存储在磁盘上,当消息代理重启时仍然存在,暂存队列:当前连接有效
//
exclusive:默认也是false,只能被当前创建的连接使用,而且当连接关闭后队列即被删除。此参考优先级高于durable
//
autoDelete:是否自动删除,当没有生产者或者消费者使用此队列,该队列会自动删除。
// return new Queue(\"TestDirectQueue\",true,true,false);
//一般设置一下队列的持久化就好,其余两个就是默认false
return new Queue(\"TestDirectQueue\",true);
}
//Direct交换机 起名:TestDirectExchange
\@Bean
DirectExchange TestDirectExchange() {
// return new DirectExchange(\"TestDirectExchange\",true,true);
return new DirectExchange(\"TestDirectExchange\",true,false);
}
//绑定 将队列和交换机绑定, 并设置用于匹配键:TestDirectRouting
\@Bean
Binding bindingDirect() {
return
BindingBuilder.bind(TestDirectQueue()).to(TestDirectExchange()).with(\"TestDirectRouting\");
}
\@Bean
DirectExchange lonelyDirectExchange() {
return new DirectExchange(\"lonelyDirectExchange\");
}
}
Fanout
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/\*\*
\* \@Author : JCccc
\* \@CreateTime : 2019/9/3
\* \@Description :
\*\*/
\@Configuration
public class FanoutRabbitConfig {
/\*\*
\* 创建三个队列 :fanout.A fanout.B fanout.C
\* 将三个队列都绑定在交换机 fanoutExchange 上
\* 因为是扇型交换机, 路由键无需配置,配置也不起作用
\*/
\@Bean
public Queue queueA() {
return new Queue(\"fanout.A\");
}
\@Bean
public Queue queueB() {
return new Queue(\"fanout.B\");
}
\@Bean
public Queue queueC() {
return new Queue(\"fanout.C\");
}
\@Bean
FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() {
return new FanoutExchange(\"fanoutExchange\");
}
\@Bean
Binding bindingExchangeA() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueA()).to(fanoutExchange());
}
\@Bean
Binding bindingExchangeB() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueB()).to(fanoutExchange());
}
\@Bean
Binding bindingExchangeC() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueC()).to(fanoutExchange());
}
}
Topic
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/\*\*
\* \@Author : JCccc
\* \@CreateTime : 2019/9/3
\* \@Description :
\*\*/
\@Configuration
public class TopicRabbitConfig {
//绑定键
public final static String man = \"topic.man\";
public final static String woman = \"topic.woman\";
\@Bean
public Queue firstQueue() {
return new Queue(TopicRabbitConfig.man);
}
\@Bean
public Queue secondQueue() {
return new Queue(TopicRabbitConfig.woman);
}
\@Bean
TopicExchange exchange() {
return new TopicExchange(\"topicExchange\");
}
//将firstQueue和topicExchange绑定,而且绑定的键值为topic.man
//这样只要是消息携带的路由键是topic.man,才会分发到该队列
\@Bean
Binding bindingExchangeMessage() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(firstQueue()).to(exchange()).with(man);
}
//将secondQueue和topicExchange绑定,而且绑定的键值为用上通配路由键规则topic.#
// 这样只要是消息携带的路由键是以topic.开头,都会分发到该队列
\@Bean
Binding bindingExchangeMessage2() {
return
BindingBuilder.bind(secondQueue()).to(exchange()).with(\"topic.#\");
}
}
生产者发送消息
直接发送给队列
//指定消息队列的名字,直接发送消息到消息队列中
\@Test
public void testSimpleQueue() {
// 队列名称
String queueName = \"simple.queue\";
// 消息
String message = \"hello, spring amqp!\";
// 发送消息
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(queueName, message);
}
发送给交换机,然后走不同的模式
////指定交换机的名字,将消息发送给交换机,然后不同模式下,消息队列根据key得到消息
\@Test
public void testSendDirectExchange() {
// 交换机名称,有三种类型
String exchangeName = \"itcast.direct\";
// 消息
String message =
\"红色警报!日本乱排核废水,导致海洋生物变异,惊现哥斯拉!\";
// 发送消息,red为队列的key,因此此队列会得到消息
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName, \"red\", message);
}
也可以将发送的消息封装到HashMap中然后发送给交换机
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.UUID;
/\*\*
\* \@Author : JCccc
\* \@CreateTime : 2019/9/3
\* \@Description :
\*\*/
\@RestController
public class SendMessageController {
\@Autowired
RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
//使用RabbitTemplate,这提供了接收/发送等等方法
\@GetMapping(\"/sendDirectMessage\")
public String sendDirectMessage() {
String messageId = String.valueOf(UUID.randomUUID());
String messageData = \"test message, hello!\";
String createTime =
LocalDateTime.now().format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(\"yyyy-MM-dd
HH:mm:ss\"));
Map\<String,Object\> map=new HashMap\<\>();
map.put(\"messageId\",messageId);
map.put(\"messageData\",messageData);
map.put(\"createTime\",createTime);
//将消息携带绑定键值:TestDirectRouting 发送到交换机TestDirectExchange
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(\"TestDirectExchange\",
\"TestDirectRouting\", map);
return \"ok\";
}
}
消费者接收消息
//使用注解@RabbitListener定义当前方法监听RabbitMQ中指定名称的消息队列。
\@Component
public class MessageListener {
\@RabbitListener(queues = \"direct_queue\")
public void receive(String id){
System.out.println(\"已完成短信发送业务(rabbitmq direct),id:\"+id);
}
}
参数用Map接收也可以
\@Component
\@RabbitListener(queues = \"TestDirectQueue\")//监听的队列名称
TestDirectQueue
public class DirectReceiver {
\@RabbitHandler
public void process(Map testMessage) {
System.out.println(\"DirectReceiver消费者收到消息 : \" +
testMessage.toString());
}
}
高级特性
消息可靠性传递
有confirm和return两种
在application.yml中添加以下配置项:
server:
port: 8021
spring:
#给项目来个名字
application:
name: rabbitmq-provider
#配置rabbitMq 服务器
rabbitmq:
host: 127.0.0.1
port: 5672
username: root
password: root
#虚拟host 可以不设置,使用server默认host
virtual-host: JCcccHost
#确认消息已发送到交换机(Exchange)
#publisher-confirms: true
publisher-confirm-type: correlated
#确认消息已发送到队列(Queue)
publisher-returns: true
有两种配置方法:
写到配置类中
写到工具类或者普通类中,但是这个类得实现那两个接口
写法一
编写消息确认回调函数
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
\@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {
\@Bean
public RabbitTemplate createRabbitTemplate(ConnectionFactory
connectionFactory){
RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate = new RabbitTemplate();
rabbitTemplate.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
//设置开启Mandatory,才能触发回调函数,无论消息推送结果怎么样都强制调用回调函数
rabbitTemplate.setMandatory(true);
rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(new RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback() {
\@Override
public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String
cause) {
System.out.println(\"ConfirmCallback:
\"+\"相关数据:\"+correlationData);
System.out.println(\"ConfirmCallback: \"+\"确认情况:\"+ack);
System.out.println(\"ConfirmCallback: \"+\"原因:\"+cause);
}
});
rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(new RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback() {
\@Override
public void returnedMessage(Message message, int replyCode, String
replyText, String exchange, String routingKey) {
System.out.println(\"ReturnCallback: \"+\"消息:\"+message);
System.out.println(\"ReturnCallback: \"+\"回应码:\"+replyCode);
System.out.println(\"ReturnCallback: \"+\"回应信息:\"+replyText);
System.out.println(\"ReturnCallback: \"+\"交换机:\"+exchange);
System.out.println(\"ReturnCallback: \"+\"路由键:\"+routingKey);
}
});
return rabbitTemplate;
}
}
写法二
\@Component
\@Slf4j
public class SmsRabbitMqUtils implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback,
RabbitTemplate.ReturnsCallback {
\@Resource
private RedisTemplate\<String, String\> redisTemplate;
\@Resource
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
private String finalId = null;
private SmsDTO smsDTO = null;
/\*\*
\* 发布者确认的回调
\*
\* \@param correlationData 回调的相关数据。
\* \@param b ack为真,nack为假
\* \@param s 一个可选的原因,用于nack,如果可用,否则为空。
\*/
\@Override
public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean b, String
s) {
// 消息发送成功,将redis中消息的状态(status)修改为1
if (b) {
redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(RedisConstant.SMS_MESSAGE_PREFIX +
finalId, \"status\", 1);
} else {
// 发送失败,放入redis失败集合中,并删除集合数据
log.error(\"短信消息投送失败:{}\--\>{}\", correlationData, s);
redisTemplate.delete(RedisConstant.SMS_MESSAGE_PREFIX + finalId);
redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(RedisConstant.MQ_PRODUCER, finalId,
this.smsDTO);
}
}
/\*\*
\* 发生异常时的消息返回提醒
\*
\* \@param returnedMessage
\*/
\@Override
public void returnedMessage(ReturnedMessage returnedMessage) {
log.error(\"发生异常,返回消息回调:{}\", returnedMessage);
// 发送失败,放入redis失败集合中,并删除集合数据
redisTemplate.delete(RedisConstant.SMS_MESSAGE_PREFIX + finalId);
redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(RedisConstant.MQ_PRODUCER, finalId,
this.smsDTO);
}
\@PostConstruct
public void init() {
rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(this);
rabbitTemplate.setReturnsCallback(this);
}
}
消息确认机制
手动确认
yml配置
#手动确认 manual
listener:
simple:
acknowledge-mode: manual
写法一
首先在消费者项目中创建MessageListenerConfig
import com.elegant.rabbitmqconsumer.receiver.MyAckReceiver;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AcknowledgeMode;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import
org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory;
import
org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
\@Configuration
public class MessageListenerConfig {
\@Autowired
private CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory;
\@Autowired
private MyAckReceiver myAckReceiver;//消息接收处理类
\@Bean
public SimpleMessageListenerContainer simpleMessageListenerContainer() {
SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = new
SimpleMessageListenerContainer(connectionFactory);
container.setConcurrentConsumers(1);
container.setMaxConcurrentConsumers(1);
container.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.MANUAL); //
RabbitMQ默认是自动确认,这里改为手动确认消息
//设置一个队列
container.setQueueNames(\"TestDirectQueue\");
//如果同时设置多个如下: 前提是队列都是必须已经创建存在的
//
container.setQueueNames(\"TestDirectQueue\",\"TestDirectQueue2\",\"TestDirectQueue3\");
//另一种设置队列的方法,如果使用这种情况,那么要设置多个,就使用addQueues
//container.setQueues(new Queue(\"TestDirectQueue\",true));
//container.addQueues(new Queue(\"TestDirectQueue2\",true));
//container.addQueues(new Queue(\"TestDirectQueue3\",true));
container.setMessageListener(myAckReceiver);
return container;
}
}
然后创建手动确认监听类MyAckReceiver(手动确认模式需要实现ChannelAwareMessageListener)
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import
org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.api.ChannelAwareMessageListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.util.Map;
\@Component
public class MyAckReceiver implements ChannelAwareMessageListener {
\@Override
public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception
{
long deliveryTag = message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag();
try {
byte\[\] body = message.getBody();
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new
ByteArrayInputStream(body));
Map\<String,String\> msgMap = (Map\<String,String\>) ois.readObject();
String messageId = msgMap.get(\"messageId\");
String messageData = msgMap.get(\"messageData\");
String createTime = msgMap.get(\"createTime\");
ois.close();
System.out.println(\" MyAckReceiver messageId:\"+messageId+\"
messageData:\"+messageData+\" createTime:\"+createTime);
System.out.println(\"消费的主题消息来自:\"+message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue());
channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, true);
//第二个参数,手动确认可以被批处理,当该参数为 true 时,则可以一次性确认
delivery_tag 小于等于传入值的所有消息
//channel.basicReject(deliveryTag,
true);//第二个参数,true会重新放回队列,所以需要自己根据业务逻辑判断什么时候使用拒绝
} catch (Exception e) {
channel.basicReject(deliveryTag, false);
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
如果想实现不同的队列,有不同的监听确认处理机制,做不同的业务处理,那么这样做:
首先需要在配置类中绑定队列,然后只需要根据消息来自不同的队列名进行区分处理即可
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import
org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.api.ChannelAwareMessageListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.util.Map;
\@Component
public class MyAckReceiver implements ChannelAwareMessageListener {
\@Override
public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception
{
long deliveryTag = message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag();
try {
byte\[\] body = message.getBody();
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new
ByteArrayInputStream(body));
Map\<String,String\> msgMap = (Map\<String,String\>) ois.readObject();
String messageId = msgMap.get(\"messageId\");
String messageData = msgMap.get(\"messageData\");
String createTime = msgMap.get(\"createTime\");
ois.close();
if
(\"TestDirectQueue\".equals(message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue())){
System.out.println(\"消费的消息来自的队列名为:\"+message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue());
System.out.println(\"消息成功消费到 messageId:\"+messageId+\"
messageData:\"+messageData+\" createTime:\"+createTime);
System.out.println(\"执行TestDirectQueue中的消息的业务处理流程\...\...\");
}
if
(\"fanout.A\".equals(message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue())){
System.out.println(\"消费的消息来自的队列名为:\"+message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue());
System.out.println(\"消息成功消费到 messageId:\"+messageId+\"
messageData:\"+messageData+\" createTime:\"+createTime);
System.out.println(\"执行fanout.A中的消息的业务处理流程\...\...\");
}
channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, true);
//channel.basicReject(deliveryTag, true);//为true会重新放回队列
} catch (Exception e) {
channel.basicReject(deliveryTag, false);
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
写法二
\@Component
\@Slf4j
public class SendSmsListener {
\@Resource
private RedisTemplate\<String, String\> redisTemplate;
\@Resource
private SendSmsUtils sendSmsUtils;
/\*\*
\* 监听发送短信普通队列
\* \@param smsDTO
\* \@param message
\* \@param channel
\* \@throws IOException
\*/
\@RabbitListener(queues = SMS_QUEUE_NAME)
public void sendSmsListener(SmsDTO smsDTO, Message message, Channel
channel) throws IOException {
String messageId = message.getMessageProperties().getMessageId();
int retryCount = (int)
redisTemplate.opsForHash().get(RedisConstant.SMS_MESSAGE_PREFIX +
messageId, \"retryCount\");
if (retryCount \> 3) {
//重试次数大于3,直接放到死信队列
log.error(\"短信消息重试超过3次:{}\", messageId);
//basicReject方法拒绝deliveryTag对应的消息,第二个参数是否requeue,true则重新入队列,否则丢弃或者进入死信队列。
//该方法reject后,该消费者还是会消费到该条被reject的消息。
channel.basicReject(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false);
redisTemplate.delete(RedisConstant.SMS_MESSAGE_PREFIX + messageId);
return;
}
try {
String phoneNum = smsDTO.getPhoneNum();
String code = smsDTO.getCode();
if(StringUtils.isAnyBlank(phoneNum,code)){
throw new RuntimeException(\"sendSmsListener参数为空\");
}
// 发送消息
SendSmsResponse sendSmsResponse = sendSmsUtils.sendSmsResponse(phoneNum,
code);
SendStatus\[\] sendStatusSet = sendSmsResponse.getSendStatusSet();
SendStatus sendStatus = sendStatusSet\[0\];
if(!\"Ok\".equals(sendStatus.getCode()) \|\|!\"send
success\".equals(sendStatus.getMessage())){
throw new RuntimeException(\"发送验证码失败\");
}
//手动确认消息
channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false);
log.info(\"短信发送成功:{}\",smsDTO);
redisTemplate.delete(RedisConstant.SMS_MESSAGE_PREFIX + messageId);
} catch (Exception e) {
redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(RedisConstant.SMS_MESSAGE_PREFIX+messageId,\"retryCount\",retryCount+1);
channel.basicReject(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),true);
}
}
/\*\*
\* 监听到发送短信死信队列
\* \@param sms
\* \@param message
\* \@param channel
\* \@throws IOException
\*/
\@RabbitListener(queues = SMS_DELAY_QUEUE_NAME)
public void smsDelayQueueListener(SmsDTO sms, Message message, Channel
channel) throws IOException {
try{
log.error(\"监听到死信队列消息==\>{}\",sms);
channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false);
}catch (Exception e){
channel.basicReject(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),true);
}
}
}
消费端限流
#配置RabbitMQ
spring:
rabbitmq:
host: 192.168.126.3
port: 5672
username: guest
password: guest
virtual-host: /
#开启自动确认 none 手动确认 manual
listener:
simple:
#消费端限流机制必须开启手动确认
acknowledge-mode: manual
#消费端最多拉取的消息条数,签收后不满该条数才会继续拉取
prefetch: 5
消息存活时间TTL
可以设置队列的存活时间,也可以设置具体消息的存活时间
设置队列中所有消息的存活时间
return QueueBuilder
.durable(QUEUE_NAME)//队列持久化
.ttl(10000)//设置队列的所有消息存活10s
.build();
即在创建队列时,设置存活时间
设置某条消息的存活时间
//发送消息,并设置该消息的存活时间
\@Test
public void testSendMessage()
{
//1.创建消息属性
MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
//2.设置存活时间
messageProperties.setExpiration(\"10000\");
//3.创建消息对象
Message message = new
Message(\"sendMessage\...\".getBytes(),messageProperties);
//4.发送消息
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(\"my_topic_exchange1\",\"my_routing\",message);
}
若设置中间的消息的存活时间,当过期时,该消息不会被移除,但是该消息已经不会被消费了,需要等到该消息到队里顶端才会被移除。因为队列是头出,尾进,故而要移除它需要等到它在顶端时才可以。
在队列设置存活时间,也在单条消息设置存活时间,则以时间短的为准
死信队列
死信队列和普通队列没有任何区别,只需要将普通队列需要绑定死信交换机和死信队列就能够实现功能
import org.springframework.amqp.core.\*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
\@Configuration//Rabbit配置类
public class RabbitConfig4 {
private final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = \"dead_exchange\";
private final String DEAD_QUEUE = \"dead_queue\";
private final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = \"normal_exchange\";
private final String NORMAL_QUEUE = \"normal_queue\";
//创建死信交换机
\@Bean(DEAD_EXCHANGE)
public Exchange deadExchange()
{
return ExchangeBuilder
.topicExchange(DEAD_EXCHANGE)//交换机类型 ;参数为名字
topic为通配符模式的交换机
.durable(true)//是否持久化,true即存到磁盘,false只在内存上
.build();
}
//创建死信队列
\@Bean(DEAD_QUEUE)
public Queue deadQueue()
{
return QueueBuilder
.durable(DEAD_QUEUE)//队列持久化
//.maxPriority(10)//设置队列的最大优先级,最大可以设置255,但官网推荐不超过10,太高比较浪费资源
.build();
}
//死信交换机绑定死信队列
\@Bean
//@Qualifier注解,使用名称装配进行使用
public Binding bindDeadQueue(@Qualifier(DEAD_EXCHANGE) Exchange
exchange, \@Qualifier(DEAD_QUEUE) Queue queue)
{
return BindingBuilder
.bind(queue)
.to(exchange)
.with(\"dead_routing\")
.noargs();
}
//创建普通交换机
\@Bean(NORMAL_EXCHANGE)
public Exchange normalExchange()
{
return ExchangeBuilder
.topicExchange(NORMAL_EXCHANGE)//交换机类型 ;参数为名字
topic为通配符模式的交换机
.durable(true)//是否持久化,true即存到磁盘,false只在内存上
.build();
}
//创建普通队列
\@Bean(NORMAL_QUEUE)
public Queue normalQueue()
{
return QueueBuilder
.durable(NORMAL_QUEUE)//队列持久化
//.maxPriority(10)//设置队列的最大优先级,最大可以设置255,但官网推荐不超过10,太高比较浪费资源
.deadLetterExchange(DEAD_EXCHANGE)//绑定死信交换机
.deadLetterRoutingKey(\"dead_routing\")//死信队列路由关键字
.ttl(10000)//消息存活10s
.maxLength(10)//队列最大长度为10
.build();
}
//普通交换机绑定普通队列
\@Bean
//@Qualifier注解,使用名称装配进行使用
public Binding bindNormalQueue(@Qualifier(NORMAL_EXCHANGE) Exchange
exchange, \@Qualifier(NORMAL_QUEUE) Queue queue)
{
return BindingBuilder
.bind(queue)
.to(exchange)
.with(\"my_routing\")
.noargs();
}
}
延迟队列
RabbitMQ并未实现延迟队列功能,所以可以通过死信队列实现延迟队列的功能
即给普通队列设置存活时间30分钟,过期后发送至死信队列,在死信消费者监听死信队列消息,查看订单状态,是否支付,未支付则取消订单,回退库存即可。
消费者监听延迟队列
\@Component
public class ExpireOrderConsumer {
//监听过期订单队列
\@RabbitListener(queues = \"expire_queue\")
public void listenMessage(String orderId)
{
//模拟处理数据库等业务
System.out.println(\"查询\"+orderId+\"号订单的状态,如果已支付无需处理,如果未支付则回退库存\");
}
}
控制层代码
\@RestController
public class OrderController {
\@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
\@RequestMapping(value = \"/place/{orderId}\",method =
RequestMethod.GET)
public String placeOrder(@PathVariable String orderId)
{
//模拟service层处理
System.out.println(\"处理订单数据\...\");
//将订单id发送到订单队列
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(\"order_exchange\",\"order_routing\",orderId);
return \"下单成功,修改库存\";
}
}