SpringCloudAlibaba微服务讲解（二）微服务环境搭建

微服务环境搭建

我们这次是使用的电商项目的商品、订单、用户为案例进行讲解

2.1 案例准备

2.1.1 技术选型

• maven ：3.3.9
• 数据库：mysql
• 持久层：SpringData JPA
• SpringCloud Alibaba技术栈

2.1.2 模块设计

• springcloud-alibaba 父工程
• shop-common 公共模块
• shop-user 用户模块
• shop-product 商品模块
• shop-order 订单模块

2.1.3 微服务调用

在微服务架构中，最常见的场景就是微服务之间的相互调用。我们以电商系统中常见的用户下单为例来 演示微服务的调用：客户向订单微服务发起一下单的请求，在进行保存订单之前需要调用商品微服务 查询商品的信息
我们一般把服务的主动调用方称为服务消费者，把服务的被调用方称为服务提供者.

2.2创建父工程

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>    <parent>        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>        <version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>    </parent>    <groupId>com.ityml</groupId>    <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>    <packaging>pom</packaging>    <properties>        <java.version>1.8</java.version>        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.1.0.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>    </properties>    <dependencyManagement>        <dependencies>            <dependency>                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>                <type>pom</type>                <scope>import</scope>            </dependency>        </dependencies>    </dependencyManagement></project>

对应版本：

https://www.cnblogs.com/onehm/p/13931711.html

2.3创建基础模块

2.3.1 shop-common模块

1. 在pom中添加依赖

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>    <parent>        <groupId>com.ityml</groupId>        <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>    </parent>    <groupId>com.ityml</groupId>    <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>    <dependencies>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>            <version>1.2.79</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>mysql</groupId>            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>            <version>5.1.49</version>        </dependency>    </dependencies></project>

2. 创建实体类

   /** * ----------------------------- * PackageName： com.ityml.entity * ClassName：User * Description：用户 * * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-22 * ----------------------------- */@Entity(name = "shop-user")@Datapublic class User {    @Id    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)    private Integer uid;    private String username;    private String password;    private String telephone;}

   /** * ----------------------------- * PackageName： com.ityml.entity * ClassName：Product * Description：商品 * * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-22 * ----------------------------- */@Entity(name = "shop-product")@Datapublic class Product {    @Id    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)    private String pname;        private Double price;       private Integer stock;}

   /** * ----------------------------- * PackageName： com.ityml.entity * ClassName：Order * Description：订单 * * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-22 * ----------------------------- */@Entity(name = "shop-order")@Datapublic class Order {    @Id    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)    private Long oid;    private Integer uid;    private String username;}

2.4 创建用户微服务

步骤：

1. 创建模块
2. 创建SpringBoot主类
3. 加入配置文件
4. 创建必要的接口和实现类

创建一个shop-user模块，然后进行下面操作

1. 创建pom

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>    <parent>        <groupId>com.ityml</groupId>        <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>    </parent>    <groupId>com.ityml</groupId>    <artifactId>shop-user</artifactId>    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>    <dependencies>        <dependency>            <groupId>com.ityml</groupId>            <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>        </dependency>    </dependencies></project>	

2. 编写主类

   package com.ityml;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;/** * ----------------------------- * PackageName： com.ityml * ClassName：UserApplication * Description：启动类 * * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-22 * ----------------------------- */@SpringBootApplicationpublic class UserApplication {    public static void main(String[] args) {        SpringApplication.run(UserApplication.class,args);    }}

3. 创建配置文件

   server:  port: 8080spring:  application:    name: service-user  datasource:    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver    url: jdbc://    username:    data-password:  jpa:    properties:      hibernate:        hbm2ddl:          auto: update        dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL.5InnoDDialect

2.5 创建商品微服务

1. 创建一个名为shop-product的模块，并添加springboot依赖

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>    <parent>        <groupId>com.ityml</groupId>        <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>    </parent>    <groupId>com.ityml</groupId>    <artifactId>shop-product</artifactId>    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>    <dependencies>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>com.ityml</groupId>            <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>        </dependency>    </dependencies>    </project>

2. 创建工程主类

   package com.ityml;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;/** * ----------------------------- * PackageName： com.ityml * ClassName：ProductApplication * Description：商品主类 * * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23 * ----------------------------- */@SpringBootApplicationpublic class ProductApplication {    public static void main(String[] args) {        SpringApplication.run(ProductApplication.class,args);    }}

3. 创建配置文件application.yml

   server:  port: 8080spring:  application:    name: service-product  datasource:    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver    url: jdbc://    username:    data-password:  jpa:    properties:      hibernate:        hbm2ddl:          auto: update        dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL.5InnoDDialect

4. 创建ProductDao接口

   package com.ityml.dao;import com.ityml.entity.Product;import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;/** * ----------------------------- * PackageName： com.ityml.dao * ClassName：ProductDao * Description： * * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23 * ----------------------------- */public interface ProductDao extends JpaRepository<Product,Integer> {}

5. 创建ProductService接口和实现类

   package com.ityml.service;import com.ityml.entity.Product;/** * ----------------------------- * PackageName： com.ityml.service * ClassName：ProductService * Description： * * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23 * ----------------------------- */public interface ProductService {    Product findById(Integer pid);}

   package com.ityml.impl;import com.ityml.dao.ProductDao;import com.ityml.entity.Product;import com.ityml.service.ProductService;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;/** * ----------------------------- * PackageName： com.ityml.impl * ClassName：ProductServiceImpl * Description：实现类 * * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23 * ----------------------------- */@Servicepublic class ProductServiceImpl implements ProductService {    @Autowired    private ProductDao productDao;    @Override    public Product findById(Integer pid) {        return productDao.findById(pid).get();    }}

6. 创建Controller

   package com.ityml.controller;import com.ityml.entity.Product;import com.ityml.service.ProductService;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;/** * ----------------------------- * PackageName： com.ityml.controller * ClassName：ProductController * Description：主类 * * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23 * ----------------------------- */@RestController@Slf4jpublic class  ProductController {    @Autowired    private ProductService productService;    @GetMapping("/product/{pid}")    public Product product(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid){        Product product = productService.findById(pid);        return product;    }}

7. 启动工程

2.6 创建订单微服务

1. 创建一个名为shop-order的模块，并添加springboot依赖

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>    <parent>        <groupId>com.ityml</groupId>        <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>    </parent>    <groupId>com.ityml</groupId>    <artifactId>shop-order</artifactId>    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>    <dependencies>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>com.ityml</groupId>            <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>        </dependency>    </dependencies></project>

2. 创建工程主类

   package com.ityml;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;/** * ----------------------------- * PackageName： com.ityml * ClassName：OrderApplication * Description：主类 * * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23 * ----------------------------- */@SpringBootApplicationpublic class OrderApplication {    public static void main(String[] args) {        SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class,args);    }}

3. 创建配置文件

   server:  port: 8080spring:  application:    name: service-order  datasource:    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver    url: jdbc://    username:    data-password:  jpa:    properties:      hibernate:        hbm2ddl:          auto: update        dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL.5InnoDDialect

4. 创建OrderDao接口

   package com.ityml.dao;import com.ityml.entity.Order;import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;/** * ----------------------------- * PackageName： com.ityml.dao * ClassName：ProductDao * Description： * * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23 * ----------------------------- */public interface OrderDao extends JpaRepository<Order,Integer> {}

5. 创建OrderService接口和实现类

   package com.ityml.service;import com.ityml.entity.Order;/** * ----------------------------- * PackageName： com.ityml.service * ClassName：ProductService * Description： * * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23 * ----------------------------- */public interface OrderService {    void save(Order order);}

6. 创建RestTemplate

   package com.ityml;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;/** * ----------------------------- * PackageName： com.ityml * ClassName：OrderApplication * Description：主类 * * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23 * ----------------------------- */@SpringBootApplicationpublic class OrderApplication {    public static void main(String[] args) {        SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class,args);    }    @Bean    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){        return new RestTemplate();    }}

7. 创建Controller

   package com.ityml.controller;import com.ityml.entity.Order;import com.ityml.entity.Product;import com.ityml.service.OrderService;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;/** * ----------------------------- * PackageName： com.ityml.controller * ClassName：OrderController * Description：主类 * * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23 * ----------------------------- */@RestController@Slf4jpublic class OrderController {    @Autowired    private OrderService orderService;    @Autowired    private RestTemplate restTemplate;    /**     * 准备买一件商品     * @param pid     */    @GetMapping("/order/prod/{pid}")    public void Order(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {        Product product = restTemplate.getForObject("http:/localhost:8081/product" + pid, Product.class);        Order order = new Order();        orderService.save(order);    }}

8. 启动工程，通过浏览器访问服务进行测试