Swift服务的基本使用 Swift 最初是由Rackspace公司开发的高可用分布式对象存储服务，并于2010年贡献给OpenStack开源社区作为其最初的核心子项目之一，为其Nova子项目提供虚机镜像存储服务。Swift构筑在比较便宜的标准硬件存储基础设施之上，无需采用 RAID（磁盘冗余阵列），通过在软件层面引入一致性散列技术和数据冗余性，牺牲一定程度的数据一致性来达到高可用性和可伸缩性，支持多租户模式、容器和对象读写操作，适合解决互联网的应用场景下非结构化数据存储问题。Swift在OpenStack系统中不依赖于任何服务，可以独立部署为其他系统提供分布式对象存储服务。而在OpenStack的应用中，其Proxy Server往往由Keystone节点兼任，由Keystone来完成服务访问的安全认证。
Swift是业务提供时，使用普通的服务器来构建冗余的、可扩展的分布式对象存储集群，存储容量可达PB级。通过统一REST API进行友好访问，不仅易于扩展，且无中心数据库，避免单点故障或单点性能瓶颈。Swift主要通过Account、Container和Object三个表单结构来完成存储对象的存储、查询、获取和上传等功能，通过数据存储的多副本机制实现数据的高可用。
在openstack平台中使用命令“swift stat”查看对象存储服务状态
[root@controller ~]# swift stat Account: AUTH_bf36698d9afd45c4b46c1933469a9101 Containers: 0 Objects: 0 Bytes: 0 X-Put-Timestamp: 1651842033.53425 X-Timestamp: 1651842033.53425 X-Trans-Id: tx82d7ac28d8ea43fb92949-0062751bf0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8X-Openstack-Request-Id: tx82d7ac28d8ea43fb92949-0062751bf0通过“openstack container create”命令创建容器，命令格式如下所示
[root@controller ~]# openstack help container create usage: openstack container create [-h] [-f {csv,json,table,value,yaml}] [-c COLUMN] [--max-width <integer>] [--fit-width] [--print-empty] [--noindent] [--quote {all,minimal,none,nonnumeric}] [--sort-column SORT_COLUMN] <container-name> [<container-name> ...]使用命令创建容器，名称为“swift-test"
[root@controller ~]# openstack container create swift-test+---------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------+| account | container | x-trans-id |+---------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------+| AUTH_bf36698d9afd45c4b46c1933469a9101 | swift-test | tx6e69e142b8fa4ce69e3f7-0062751c5c |+---------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------+使用命令查询容器列表信息
[root@controller ~]# openstack container list+------------+| Name |+------------+| swift-test |+------------+[root@controller ~]# openstack container show swift-test+--------------+---------------------------------------+| Field | Value |+--------------+---------------------------------------+| account | AUTH_bf36698d9afd45c4b46c1933469a9101 || bytes_used | 0 || container | swift-test || object_count | 0 |+--------------+---------------------------------------+创建完容器后，可以创建对象，通过使用命令“openstack object create”
[root@controller ~]# openstack help object createusage: openstack object create [-h] [-f {csv,json,table,value,yaml}] [-c COLUMN] [--max-width <integer>] [--fit-width] [--print-empty] [--noindent] [--quote {all,minimal,none,nonnumeric}] [--sort-column SORT_COLUMN] [--name <name>] <container> <filename> [<filename> ...]在使用命令创建对象前，需要将上传后的目录结构在本地创建。在本地创建名为“test”的目录“/root/test”，将/root/object-test文件复制至“/root/test”目录中
[root@controller ~]# lsCentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso chinaskills_cloud_iaas2.6.iso object-test test[root@controller ~]# cd test/[root@controller test]# lsobject-test创建对象的过程也是向容器中上传文件，使用命令创建“test/object-test对象
[root@controller ~]# openstack object create swift-test test/object-test+------------------+------------+----------------------------------+| object | container | etag |+------------------+------------+----------------------------------+| test/object-test | swift-test | d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e |+------------------+------------+----------------------------------+创建完对象后，通过命令查看容器中对象信息，使用命令“openstack object list”查看对象信息
[root@controller ~]# openstack help object list usage: openstack object list [-h] [-f {csv,json,table,value,yaml}] [-c COLUMN] [--max-width <integer>] [--fit-width] [--print-empty] [--noindent] [--quote {all,minimal,none,nonnumeric}] [--sort-column SORT_COLUMN] [--prefix <prefix>] [--delimiter <delimiter>] [--marker <marker>] [--end-marker <end-marker>] [--limit <num-objects>] [--long] [--all] <container>使用命令查看容器“swift-test”中所有对象信息
[root@controller ~]# openstack object list swift-test+------------------+| Name |+------------------+| test/object-test |+------------------+通过查询命令可以看出，在通过命令上传对象时，本地路径即为容器内对象路径。使用命令“openstack object show”查询“swift-test”容器中“test/object-test”对象详细信息
[root@controller ~]# openstack object show swift-test test/object-test+----------------+---------------------------------------+| Field | Value |+----------------+---------------------------------------+| account | AUTH_bf36698d9afd45c4b46c1933469a9101 || container | swift-test || content-length | 0 || content-type | application/octet-stream || etag | d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e || last-modified | Fri, 06 May 2022 14:03:10 GMT || object | test/object-test |+----------------+---------------------------------------+存储在容器中的对象，可以在需要使用时，通过“openstack object save”命令进行下载至本地
[root@controller ~]# openstack help object save usage: openstack object save [-h] [--file <filename>] <container> <object>Save object locally使用命令将“swift-test”容器中“test/object-test”对象下载至本地/opt/目录下
[root@controller ~]# cd /opt/[root@controller opt]# openstack object save swift-test test/object-test[root@controller opt]# lscentos iaas test[root@controller opt]# cd test/[root@controller test]# lsobject-test使用“openstack object delete”命令删除容器内的对象
[root@controller opt]# openstack help object deleteusage: openstack object delete [-h] <container> <object> [<object> ...]使用删除对象命令将“swift-test”容器内“test/object-test”删除，查看“swift-test”容器中对象列表信息
[root@controller test]# openstack object list swift-test+------------------+| Name |+------------------+| test/object-test |+------------------+[root@controller test]# openstack object delete swift-test test/object-test[root@controller test]# openstack object list swift-test[root@controller test]# 使用“openstack container delete”命令删除容器
[root@controller opt]# openstack help container deleteusage: openstack container delete [-h] [--recursive] <container> [<container> ...]使用删除容器命令将“swift-test”容器删除，如果容器内存有对象，无法直接删除
[root@controller opt]# openstack container delete swift-testConflict (HTTP 409) (Request-ID: tx8c3de39f832f49ac9d655-00601bba0a)需要添加“--recursive”参数将容器内部对象一起删除，才可以删除“swift-test”容器，查看容器列表信息
[root@controller opt]# openstack container delete --recursive swift-test [root@controller opt]# openstack container list使用命令创建一个容器test并查看容器的状态信息
[root@controller ~]# swift post test[root@controller ~]# swift stat test Account: AUTH_bf36698d9afd45c4b46c1933469a9101 Container: test Objects: 0 Bytes: 0 Read ACL: Write ACL: Sync To: Sync Key: Accept-Ranges: bytes X-Storage-Policy: Policy-0 Last-Modified: Fri, 06 May 2022 14:18:35 GMT X-Timestamp: 1651846714.52385 X-Trans-Id: txd3afaaa151f24632ba5a5-0062752e43 Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8X-Openstack-Request-Id: txd3afaaa151f24632ba5a5-0062752e43上传镜像并分片存储
将提供的镜像CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso上传至controller节点的/root目录下，并使用命令上传至test容器中，进行分片存储，每个片段的大小为10M
[root@controller ~]# lsCentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso chinaskills_cloud_iaas2.6.iso object-test test[root@controller ~]# swift upload test -S 10000000 CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso segment 3CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso segment 1CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso segment 5CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso segment 6CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso segment 9...........CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso segment 447CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso segment 443CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso segment 444CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso segment 436CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso segment 446CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso[root@controller ~]# 查看cirros镜像的存储路径
[root@controller ~]# swift stat test CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso Account: AUTH_bf36698d9afd45c4b46c1933469a9101 Container: test Object: CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso Content Type: application/octet-stream Content Length: 4470079488 Last Modified: Fri, 06 May 2022 14:25:57 GMT ETag: "8c8ee739c7e27a2a1f4d27838e8544ee" Manifest: test_segments/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso/1644959184.000000/4470079488/10000000/ Meta Mtime: 1644959184.000000 Accept-Ranges: bytes X-Timestamp: 1651847156.29073 X-Trans-Id: tx5e336396a0164476ad69c-006275307eX-Openstack-Request-Id: tx5e336396a0164476ad69c-006275307e查看存储路径中的数据片
[root@controller ~]# swift list test_segmentsCentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso/1644959184.000000/4470079488/10000000/00000000CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso/1644959184.000000/4470079488/10000000/00000001CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso/1644959184.000000/4470079488/10000000/00000002CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso/1644959184.000000/4470079488/10000000/00000003CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso/1644959184.000000/4470079488/10000000/00000004CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso/1644959184.000000/4470079488/10000000/00000005CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso/1644959184.000000/4470079488/10000000/00000006CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso/1644959184.000000/4470079488/10000000/00000007CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso/1644959184.000000/4470079488/10000000/00000008CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso/1644959184.000000/4470079488/10000000/00000009CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso/1644959184.000000/4470079488/10000000/00000010...........CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso/1644959184.000000/4470079488/10000000/00000442CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso/1644959184.000000/4470079488/10000000/00000443CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso/1644959184.000000/4470079488/10000000/00000444CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso/1644959184.000000/4470079488/10000000/00000445CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso/1644959184.000000/4470079488/10000000/00000446CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso/1644959184.000000/4470079488/10000000/00000447可以看到，centos镜像在上传至swfit对象存储中被分片存储了，单个存储片的大小为10M，因为该镜像大小为4450M左右，所有分成了447个存储片。